| To be a "true" root, the vegetable needs to grow underground and play the role of a root for a plant, which means; absorbing moisture and nutrients from the ground. Generally the term is used for any underground part of a plant that we eat. Even though onions and leeks are both related, we would call an onion a root vegetable but not a leek, since leeks grow above ground.
Root vegetables are such as: Beets, Burdock, Daikon, Carrots, Horseradish, Radishes, Rutabagas, Parsnips, Salsify, and Turnips. Sweet potato, Yams and the various potato family members are of the tubers.
Bulbs are of a plant that grow underground. That would be your onions and garlic.
Corms are underground stems that grow vertically. Celeriac, Taro, and Water Chestnuts are corms (even though Water Chestnuts grow underwater, not underground). Corms store starch for the plant.
Rhizomes are stems that grow horizontally underground. Roots grow off the rhizomes and the parts of the plant that will appear above ground. Ginger and Turmeric are rhizomes.
Tubers are underground stems. They grow in thickness instead of length.
And then we have the Gourds, also known as Winter Squash:
Gourds include pumpkin, winter squash, and all the warty, odd-shaped decorative ones.
Squash is the fruit of plant of the gourd family. Squash originated in the western hemisphere and was being consumed by man at least 5,000 years ago, probably even earlier. Winter squash, like butternut, acorn, and spaghetti squash, is firmer in the flesh and has a thick skin. They require longer cooking than other vegetables, but can be cooked and eaten with the skin. Some prefer to carve out the "meat" when eating them.
They keep well in a cool dark place for up to a month and should not be refrigerated. Choose your squash with a bright, firm skin, free of bruises. Root vegetables can also be stored for a long period of time, best in the dark, as some vitamins are sensitive to light.
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